Computers are electronic devices that process data to produce meaningful information. At their core, they consist of hardware (physical components like the processor, memory, and storage) and software (programs and operating systems that manage hardware and execute tasks). Understanding the basic structure and functionality of computers is crucial in the realm of cyber security, as threats often exploit vulnerabilities in these components. In the context of cyber security, the key elements of a computer system—hardware, software, and networks—are potential targets for malicious activities. Hardware vulnerabilities, such as unprotected USB ports, can be exploited to introduce malware. Software vulnerabilities, including outdated operating systems or poorly coded applications, can create entry points for cyberattacks. Networks, which connect computers to one another and the internet, are a common avenue for cyber threats like phishing, ransomware, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. For instance, a compromised operating system could allow unauthorized access to sensitive files, while a hardware-level attack might disrupt the entire functionality of a system. Hence, understanding the fundamentals of computers, including how they process and store data, communicate over networks, and interact with users, forms the foundation for implementing effective cyber security measures. This foundational knowledge empowers individuals and organizations to identify potential risks, secure their systems, and mitigate threats before they cause significant harm. • 1. How can outdated software pose a security risk to a computer system? Provide an example of a potential attack that could exploit this vulnerability. • 2. Explain how hardware vulnerabilities, such as unprotected USB ports, can be exploited by attackers. Suggest preventive measures to mitigate such risks. • 3. Describe the role of an operating system in maintaining the security of a computer. How can a compromised operating system impact the overall security of a system? • 4. Why is it essential to understand the basics of how networks connect computers in the context of cyber security? Provide a real-life example of a network-based attack and discuss how it could have been prevented. • 5. Discuss the relationship between computer hardware, software, and networks in the context of cyber security. How can vulnerabilities in one component affect the others, and what strategies can be implemented to secure all three?

Explain What is Virus in terms of cyber security?

C Programming Questions: 1. Write a program to accept an integer using a pointer and check whether it is even or odd. 2. Write a program to read two integers using pointers and perform all arithmetic operations on them. 3. Write a program to find the maximum from two integers using pointers. 4. Write a program to accept N integers and store them dynamically and display them. 5. Write a program to read a string and copy it to another string and display the copied string. Also, display the length of the copied string. 6. Write a program to accept N integers and store them dynamically, then display them in reverse order. 7. Write a program to read two strings. If the first string is greater than the second, concatenate the second to the first and display the concatenated string. If the first string is smaller than the second, concatenate the first to the second, otherwise, display the length of the strings. 8. Write a program to read a string and one character. Check whether the given character is present in the given string or not. 9. Write a program to accept a string and find its length using a user-defined function. 10. Write a function that takes a string as a parameter and returns the same string in uppercase (using pointers). Database Questions: 1. Write a function to find the maximum and minimum from two numbers. 2. Create a database schema in PostgreSQL and insert sufficient records. 3. Write a trigger before insert/update on the marks_scored attribute. Raise an exception if marks are negative. 4. Write a cursor to display the names of students from 'Pune' city. 5. Write a trigger which is executed when insertion is made in the student-subject table. If marks_scored is less than 0, give an appropriate message and do not allow the insertion. 6. Write a trigger which will prevent deleting students from 'Pune' city. 7. Write a cursor which will display names of students from 'Nagpur' city. 8. Write a stored function using a cursor, which will give details of all routes on which bus no 110 is running. 9. Write a trigger before insert or update on the Route table where No_of_stations < 0. 10. Write a cursor which will display names of teachers teaching 'FYBSC' class. 11. Write a trigger before insert or update on the Student table where SNO < 0.

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Job Opportunity for #Freshers Company: Volvo Buses Job Role: Graduate Engineering Trainee Designation: DAT & GET No. of Opening: 20 Numbers Location : Hoskote, Bangalore Facility: Canteen & Transport available up to Hoskote to Factory. Qualification: Diploma (Automobile, Electrical, Mechanical) & Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Automobile) (Final Year students are also welcome) Interested candidates kindly share your resumes. siva.rajkumar@volvo.in(mailto:siva.rajkumar@volvo.in)

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Requirements For Common Bio Medical Waste Treatment plants at Pune and Moshi 1) Engineers OR Diploma Electrical - 1 Mechanical - 1 Electronic - 1 should operate the machines ( like Incinerator, Autoclave, Shredder, ETP ) 3 To 5 years experience If not we may accept Fresh or less experienced . Shift duty 2) Plant Incharge - 2 post Similar qualifications as above. Must have Experience of 5 years. 3) workers for Moshi plant - 6.

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Opening For Sales Manager Designation :- Sales Manager ➡ Job Location: Nr Pune Station. ➡ Experience:- Experience in Sales Process b2c Sales process or any b2b process Qualification:- Graduation ➡ Salary:- 25k+Incentive ➡ Skills:- Communication skills/Lead generation

Urgent Opening For Business loan Sales Designation Sales Officer Company = TATA Nexarc ➡ Job Location: Mumbai, ➡ Experience:- Businesses loan Qualification:- Graduate ➡ Salary:- 27 K ➡ Payroll:- Channel play ➡ Skills:- Communication skills/Negotiation Skills/Public Speaking/Lead generation/problem solving

Hiring security guards cum traffic warden for our client location from Shivajinagar to Swargate Required Manpower - 50 No’s Duty hrs - 12 hrs It is a urgent requirement Great Wall Corporate Services Pvt Ltd. Near Phunagar RTO Yerawada. Pune Thanks & Regards, Chaitanya More Mob : +91 70836 81038, 98817 40030

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